Clexta in combination with Rituximab is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) who have received at least one prior therapy. Clexta monotherapy is indicated for the treatment of CLL: In the presence of 17p deletion or TP53 mutation in adult patients who are unsuitable for or have failed a B-cell receptor pathway inhibitor, or In the absence of 17p deletion or TP53 mutation in adult patients who have failed both chemoimmunotherapy and a B-cell receptor pathway inhibitor.
Venetoclax is a selective and orally bioavailable small-molecule inhibitor of BCL-2, an antiapoptotic protein. Overexpression of BCL-2 has been demonstrated in CLL cells where it mediates tumor cell survival and has been associated with resistance to chemotherapeutics. Venetoclax helps restore the process of apoptosis by binding directly to the BCL-2 protein, displacing pro-apoptotic proteins like BIM, triggering mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization and the activation of caspases. In nonclinical studies, venetoclax has demonstrated cytotoxic activity in tumor cells that overexpress BCL-2.
The starting dose is 20 mg of Venetoclax once daily for 7 days. The dose must be gradually increased over a period of 5 weeks up to the daily dose of 400 mg. The 5-week dose-titration schedule is designed to gradually reduce tumour burden (debulk) and decrease the risk of tumor lysis syndrome. Post-titration dose for Venetoclax in combination with Rituximab : The recommended dose of Venetoclax in combination with Rituximab is 400 mg once daily. Rituximab should be administered after the patient has completed the dose-titration schedule and has received the recommended daily dose of 400 mg Venetoclax for 7 days. Venetoclax should be taken for 24 months from Cycle 1 Day 1 of Rituximab. Post-titration dose for Venetoclax monotherapy : The recommended dose of Venetoclax is 400 mg once daily. Treatment should be continued until disease progression or no longer tolerated by the patient.
Always consult a registered doctor before taking any medicine. This information is for general knowledge only.
The most commonly occurring side effects (>20%) of any grade in patients receiving Clexta in the combination study with Rituximab were neutropenia, diarrhoea, and upper respiratory tract infection. In the monotherapy studies, the most common side effects were neutropenia/neutrophil count decreased, diarrhoea, nausea, anaemia, fatigue, and upper respiratory tract infection. The most frequently reported serious side effects (>2%) in patients receiving Clexta in combination with Rituximab were pneumonia, febrile neutropenia, and TLS. In the monotherapy studies, the most frequently reported serious side effects (>2%) were pneumonia and febrile neutropenia.
Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients. Concomitant use of strong CYP3A inhibitors at initiation and during the dose-titration phase. Concomitant use of preparations containing St. John's wort
CYP3A inhibitors : Co-administration of 400 mg once daily ketoconazole, a strong CYP3A, P-gp and BCRP inhibitor, for 7 days in 11 previously treated patients with NHL increased Clexta Cmax by 2.3-fold and AUC by 6.4-fold. Co-administration of 50 mg once daily ritonavir, a strong CYP3A and P-gp inhibitor, for 14 days in 6 healthy subjects increased Clexta Cmax by 2.4-fold and AUC by 7.9-fold. Co-administration of Clexta with other strong CYP3A4 inhibitors is predicted to increase Clexta AUC by on average 5.8- to 7.8-fold. Concomitant use of Clexta with strong CYP3A inhibitors (e.g., itraconazole, ketoconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole, clarithromycin, ritonavir) at initiation and during the dose-titration phase is contraindicated due to increased risk for TLS. At initiation and during the dose-titration phase, concomitant use of Clexta with moderate CYP3A inhibitors (e.g., ciprofloxacin, diltiazem, erythromycin, fluconazole, verapamil) should be avoided. Alternative treatments should be considered. If a moderate CYP3A inhibitor must be used, the initiation dose of Clexta and the doses for the titration phase should be reduced by at least 50%. Patients should be monitored more closely for signs and symptoms of TLS. For patients who have completed the dose-titration phase and are on a steady daily dose of Clexta, the Clexta dose should be reduced by 50% when used concomitantly with moderate CYP3A inhibitors and by 75% when used concomitantly with strong CYP3A inhibitors. Patients should be monitored more closely for signs of toxicities and the dose may need to be further adjusted. The Clexta dose that was used prior to initiating the CYP3A inhibitor should be resumed 2 to 3 days after discontinuation of the inhibitor. Grapefruit products, Seville oranges, and starfruit (carambola) should be avoided during treatment with Clexta as they contain inhibitors of CYP3A. P-gp and BCRP inhibitors : Clexta is a substrate for P-gp and BCRP , Co-administration of a 600 mg single dose of rifampin, a P-gp inhibitor, in 11 healthy subjects increased Clexta Cmax by 106% and AUC by 78%. Concomitant use of Clexta with P-gp and BCRP inhibitors at initiation and during the dose-titration phase should be avoided; if a P-gp and BCRP inhibitor must be used, patients should be monitored closely for signs of toxicities. CYP3A inducers : Co-administration of 600 mg once daily rifampin, a strong CYP3A inducer, for 13 days in 10 healthy subjects decreased Clexta Cmax by 42% and AUC°° by 71%. Concomitant use of Clexta with strong CYP3A inducers (e.g., carbamazepine, phenytoin, rifampin) or moderate CYP3A inducers (e.g., bosentan, efavirenz, etravirine, modafinil, nafcillin) should be avoided. Alternative treatments with less CYP3A induction should be considered. Preparations containing St. John's wort are contraindicated during treatment with Clexta, as efficacy may be reduced.
Tumour lysis syndrome : Tumour lysis syndrome, including fatal events, has occurred in patients with previously treated CLL with high tumour burden when treated with Clexta. Clexta can cause rapid reduction in tumour, and thus poses a risk for TLS in the initial 5-weeks dose-titration phase. Changes in electrolytes consistent with TLS that require prompt management can occur as early as 6 to 8 hours following the first dose of Clexta and at each dose increase. The risk of TLS is a continuum based on multiple factors, including comorbidities. Patients with high tumour burden (e.g., any lymph node with a diameter >5 cm or high ALC >25 x 109/1) are at greater risk of TLS when initiating enetoclax. Reduced renal function (CrCI <80 ml/min) further increases the risk. Patients should be assessed for risk and should receive appropriate prophylaxis for TLS, including hydration and anti-hyperuricaemics. Blood chemistries should be monitored and abnormalities managed promptly. Dosing should be interrupted if needed. More intensive measures (intravenous hydration, frequent monitoring, hospitalization) should be employed as overall risk increases. The instructions for "Prevention of tumour lysis syndrome" should be followed. Concomitant use of this medicinal product with strong or moderate CYP3A inhibitors increases Clexta exposure and may increase the risk for TLS at initiation and during the dose-titration phase. Also, inhibitors of P-gp or BCRP may increase Clexta exposure. Neutropenia : Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia has been reported in patients treated with Clexta in the combination study with Rituximab (G028667/MURANO) and in the monotherapy studies. Complete blood counts should be monitored throughout the treatment period. Dose interruptions or reductions are recommended for patients with severe neutropenia. Serious infections including events of sepsis with fatal outcome have been reported. Supportive measures including antimicrobials for any signs of infection should be considered. Immunization : The safety and efficacy of immunization with live attenuated vaccines during or following Clexta therapy have not been studied. Live vaccines should not be administered during treatment and thereafter until B-cell recovery. CYP3A inducers : Co-administration of CYP3A4 inducers may lead to decreased Clexta exposure and consequently a risk for lack of efficacy. Concomitant use of Clexta with strong or moderate CYP3A4 inducers should be avoided. Women of childbearing potential : Women of childbearing potential must use a highly effective method of contraception while taking Clexta.